Be able to discuss in the progress of biogeography from inventory and description to theory-building.

Know the following 19th Century people and their contributions to biogeography:

Humboldt, Wallace, Darwin, Sclater, Merriam

altitudinal zonation

life zone

zoogeographic province

Wallace's Line

evolution

natural selection

differential reproductive success

allele

allele frequency

adaptation

speciation

allopatric

sympatric

adaptive radiation

reproductive isolation

endemism/endemic

gradualism

punctuated equilibrium

phylogeny

recombination

mutation

evolutionary distance

taxonomy

Linnaean or scientific name

species

subspecies

genus

family

order

class

taxon

Bergmann's Rule

Allen's Rule

Golger's Rule

What are the names and altitudinal sequence of Merriam's Life Zones? Why did he name them as he did? How do life zones in the tropics differ from those of the midlatitudes (i.e., Merriam's)?

What are the general characteristics of each zoogeographic province? Which represent the "extremes" (greatest/lowest number of families; greatest/lowest degree of endemism; sharing the most/least and with what other regions)? Be able to give representative endemic families from each.

How do Floristic Kingdoms differ from Zoogeographic Provinces?

Be able to indicate accurately on a world map the boundaries of the zoogeographic provinces and the location of Wallace's Line.

Taxonomy reflects phylogeny. What does this mean? How could this be useful in determining the distributional history of a taxon?

Be able to recognize different taxonomic levels from the nomenclature. Be able to express what the nomenclature means in terms of phylogeny (evolutionary relationships/history/descent).