**Approved for General Education Credit in Area 7: Physical and Natural Sciences (8 hours total are required in this area)

• PHSC 121:122. Physical Science Processes. (4:4)
  Five hours class time per week.
  Prerequesite: none
  Five hours class time per week. Class used as laboratory, lecture, recitation, individual study. Opportunities to develop concepts and competencies in the processes of physical science.

• PHSC 301. Meteorology. (4)
  Three hours lecture; two hours laboratory.
  Prerequesite: none
  Basic principles of meteorology, including Earth's atmosphere, insulation, humidity, adiabatic processes, large-scale circulation of the atmosphere, mid-atlantic weather, violent weather phenomena, and climatology.

• PHSC 350. Physical Science. (4)
  Three hours lecture; two hours laboratory.
  Prerequisite: General Education science sequence. An analysis and synthesis of physical systems.

• PHSC 402. Methods of Science Teaching. (3)
  Three hours lecture.
  Prerequisites: Admission to the Teacher Education Program and a major in one or more of the sciences.
  This course is designed to facilitate the preparation of secondary science teachers. Students will examine and unitlize various instructional strategies for teaching science in grades 9-12.

• PHSC 410. Science for the Elementary School Teacher. (3)
  Two hours lecture; three hours laboratory.
  Nature of science, curricula and structure of the elementary science programs. Acitvities include utilization of curriculum materials, observation and teaching.

• PHSC 421. Comparative Planetology. (3)
  Three hours lecture.
  Prerequisites: GEOL 101:102 and ASTR 111:112.
  Application of geological concepts and techniques to solid astronomical bodies; composition and classification of meteorites; terrestrial impact craters; surface features of the moon, Mars, Mercury and the asteroids.

• PHSC 431. Energy and the Environment. (4)
  Four hours lecture.
  Prerequisite: PHYS 112 or PHYS 222 or PHSC 122 or CHEM 102.
  A study of energy, its many forms and uses, how it is converted from one form to another, and the environmental consequences of those conversions.

• PHSC 488H. Final Honors Thesis. (2-3)
  Prerequisites: Completion of physical science general education requirements, enrollment in the Honors Academy, completion of all other Honors Academy requirements, a minimum 3.5 GPA in all courses and in physical science, senior standing.
  To earn a bachelor's degree with honors in physical science a student must conduct research and write a thesis. In order to receive honors credit, a student must earn a grade of "A" or "B" for the final thesis. Course may not be repeated.

• PHSC 498. Independent Study. (1-6)
  Hours and credit to be arranged in consultation with faculty member with whom the student will work on the Independent Study. For important additional information, see requirements for "Independent Study" in the Radford University Undergraduate Catalog.