Cubic Functions

For f(x)=ax3+bx2+cx+d,

(1) If a>0, then the tails of graph of y=f(x) look like that of y=x3. For example, when x=100, y is a large positive number, and when x=-100, y is a negative large number.

(2) If a<0, then the tails of graph of y=f(x) look like that of y=-x3.

Zeroes of cube funtions

For a cube function, we have the following three possiblities:

(1) One zero: For example, f(x)=ax3+b or tex2html_wrap_inline32
[**Use Maple to graph the following functions: f(x)=3x3+4, f(x)=-2x3-4, f(x)=3(x+3)3-1, and f(x)=-4(x-3)3+1.]

(2) Two zeroes: For example, tex2html_wrap_inline42, g(x)=-3(x-3)2(x-2). We call x=2  a zero of f with multiplicity 2 , and x=3 a zero of g with mulitplicity 2. If it is a muliticity 2, then the x intercepts will be adjacent to the x-axis. Use "Maple"  to graph f and g.

(3) Three zeroes: For example, tex2html_wrap_inline64 The zeroes of f are x=1,x=2,x=3. Since the coefficient of a is positive, the tails of f should look like y=x3.

Signs of f(x)

If we know when f(x)>0 or f(x)<0, it should help us to graph f.

Example 1. Let tex2html_wrap_inline64 Find the intervals for which f(x)>0 and f(x)<0.

By knowing when f(x)>0 and f(x)<0 will help us to graph of f.

Case 1: Note that f(x)>0 if tex2html_wrap_inline98 we can use short cut to solve this since it is a standard form, it is when x is in the intervals tex2html_wrap_inline102

Case 2: Note that f(x)<0 if tex2html_wrap_inline106 it is when x is in the intervals tex2html_wrap_inline110

Use "Maple"  to verify this.

Example 2: Let tex2html_wrap_inline112 Find the intervals for which f(x)>0 or f(x)<0.

Case 1: If tex2html_wrap_inline118 if tex2html_wrap_inline120 which means x is in the intervals tex2html_wrap_inline110

Case 2: If tex2html_wrap_inline126 if tex2html_wrap_inline128, which means x is in the intervals tex2html_wrap_inline102

Use Maple to verify this.


Wei-Chi Yang